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Diversity of the Micrasterias papillifera / M. radiosa (Desmidiales) species complex
Trumhová, Kateřina ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with diversity within the Micrasterias papillifera/ M. radiosa (Desmidiales) species complex. Both species are inhabitants of endangered biotops, like peat-bogs and, like other desmids, are used for biomonitoring. Many described varieties for both of them can be found in taxonomic literature, but their morphology is overlapping and revision of this species complex seemed to be necessary. All strains were isolated from peat-bogs and lakes across Europe and my dataset was properly completed by strains from algal collections. Results of phylogenetic analysis of sequences for ITS and psaA showed, that the real intraspecific diversity of Micrasterias papillifera Brébisson ex Ralfs was overestimated. Although I could find a little intraspecific diversity within the ‚papillifera' lineage in the phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences, it did not correspond with a morphology of isolates. M. papillifera possess unexpected morphological plasticity and also some isolates designated as Micrasterias radiosa Ralfs were present in this lineage. On the contrary, there were only a few isolates in the lineage ‚radiosa'. This species seems to be relatively rare and probably has limited distribution. Both species are morphologically well delimited from each other on the basis of several characters...
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Sexual incompatibility of protist cryptic species
Jelínková, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Urbánková, Pavla (referee)
The systematic and the evolutionary biology attempt to define a species category or a species taxon from the beginning of their existence. Specific taxons are considered species on the base of different criteria, so on the base of different species concepts. Most of these concepts emerged previous century. The biological species concept has been assumed to be most important species concept for dozens of times. It was based on a presence of the reproduction isolation of two species. However, its applicability was questioned by the existence of many asexual lineages and also the lineages with a large degree of hybridization between an approved species. This thesis is trying to give a description of the biological species concept and its changes during the time. And it is also trying to answer the question of its simultaneous usability for protist.
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Diversity of the Micrasterias papillifera / M. radiosa (Desmidiales) species complex
Trumhová, Kateřina ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with diversity within the Micrasterias papillifera/ M. radiosa (Desmidiales) species complex. Both species are inhabitants of endangered biotops, like peat-bogs and, like other desmids, are used for biomonitoring. Many described varieties for both of them can be found in taxonomic literature, but their morphology is overlapping and revision of this species complex seemed to be necessary. All strains were isolated from peat-bogs and lakes across Europe and my dataset was properly completed by strains from algal collections. Results of phylogenetic analysis of sequences for ITS and psaA showed, that the real intraspecific diversity of Micrasterias papillifera Brébisson ex Ralfs was overestimated. Although I could find a little intraspecific diversity within the ‚papillifera' lineage in the phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences, it did not correspond with a morphology of isolates. M. papillifera possess unexpected morphological plasticity and also some isolates designated as Micrasterias radiosa Ralfs were present in this lineage. On the contrary, there were only a few isolates in the lineage ‚radiosa'. This species seems to be relatively rare and probably has limited distribution. Both species are morphologically well delimited from each other on the basis of several characters...
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Ecophysiological differentiation of Synura petersenii cryptic species (Synurophyceae)
Jelínková, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Elster, Josef (referee)
Synura petersenii represents a complex of pseudo-cryptic species. These are planktonic colonial organisms belonging to the class Chrysophyceae. The species are abundant in spring and autumn, when they produce golden-brown blooms in oligo-mesotrophic waters. In this thesis, I focused on investigating the effect of temperature to growth parameters of four selected species: S. petersenii, S. americana, S. glabra and S. conopea. Several temperature experiments were performed and statistically analyzed. According to growth curves the temperature 25 žC was mostly stressful for these organisms. Only S. petersenii sensu stricto was sometimes able to growth at this temperature. In general, the significant differences in growth rates were detected between S. petersenii and S. americana. In all experiments, S. petersenii had the lowest growth rate. This ubiquitous species probably acts as a K-strategist. S. americana grew generally very quickly, especially at temperature 13 žC that is obviously optimal for it. Further, I observed a significant strain specificity, which is largely a well-known phenomenon in the ecophysiology. Significant differences in growth rates were noted between temperatures 13 žC and 16 žC, where all tested species grew best, as well. This is in accordance with a general recognition of...
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Evolutionary history of Parnassiinae
Kaman, Ondřej ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
This review is devoted to the evolutionary history of the Parnassiinae subfamily of the family Papilionidae and particularly to the nominate genus Parnassius which is the main group among the eight extant Parnassiinae genera. At first, the taxonomic concept, monophyly, and phylogenetic position of Parnassiinae are thoroughly discussed. It is shown that all its genera form three clades that are currently classified as tribes. Further, the estimated time of the divergence of Parnassiinae is given together with the description of all fossil taxa. The subsequent part is entirely focused on Parnassius whose internal phylogeny largely corroborates the traditional classification on eight subgenera, although the phylogenetic relationships among these clades remain mostly unresolved. All the clades are systematically discussed and interesting phylogenetic cases of species complexes and closely related taxa are analysed and supplemented by taxonomic remarks. The last three chapters are dedicated to the phylogeography of P. mnemosyne, P. apollo, and P. phoebus complex. Their evolutionary history is discussed in relation to glacial events in Pleistocene and warming of the climate in Holocene. The whole treatment attempts to integrate morphological, molecular, and biogeographical views together in order to provide a...
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Sexual incompatibility of protist cryptic species
Jelínková, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Urbánková, Pavla (referee)
The systematic and the evolutionary biology attempt to define a species category or a species taxon from the beginning of their existence. Specific taxons are considered species on the base of different criteria, so on the base of different species concepts. Most of these concepts emerged previous century. The biological species concept has been assumed to be most important species concept for dozens of times. It was based on a presence of the reproduction isolation of two species. However, its applicability was questioned by the existence of many asexual lineages and also the lineages with a large degree of hybridization between an approved species. This thesis is trying to give a description of the biological species concept and its changes during the time. And it is also trying to answer the question of its simultaneous usability for protist.
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Diagnostics of species complex in family Adelgidae by molecular markers.
CHUNDELOVÁ, Daniela
Five molecular markers (mitochondrial AT-control region and COI, nuclear ITS and markers from primary enosymbiont Buchnera sp. argS and rrs) were tested for use in species identification of 2 selected genuses of the Adelgidae family. Markers COI, argS and rrs were succesfuly amplified and sequenced. Aligned sequences of those three markers were used for reconstruction of dendrogram by Neighbour-Joining metod with Kimura 2-Parameter model. These markers are suitable for resolution of taxonomic relationship of genuses within family Adelgidae, although further testing of these markers in conjunction with other markers (like ITS or AT-control region) will be required to delineate sister species with higher precision.
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Diagnostics of species complex in the family Adelgidae by molecular markers
JAROŠOVÁ, Andrea
Three molecular markers were tested for use in species identification of two selected genuses of the Adelgidae. Two mitochondrial markers were successfully amplified and sequenced, part of the COI gene and fragment between the COII and COIII genes. Their ability to distinguish species complexes was checked by statistical methods and by construction of phylogenetic trees.
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